2022-09-03 11:38:24
روز دوازدهم از ۳۰ روز تمرین reading
متن زیر را که ادامه متن قبلی است بخوانید و به سوالاتی که در ادامه میذاریم پاسخ بدید.
سطح متن: آپراینترمیدیت، پیشرفته
However, a large-scale study of 145 children and adolescents, carried out by Dr. Jay Giedd and colleagues at the National Institute for Mental Health, has shown that the teenage years are also an important period for brain development. We know that the brain grows like a tree. Just before puberty, the brain overproduces lots of new brain cells. Then, during the teenage years, it prunes away any cells that are unused. This trimming of brain cells has prompted scientists to propose a "use it or lose it" theory of brain development. Giedd believes that which leisure activities teens participate in during these years-from playing video games to undertaking more demanding hobbies such as photography and karate-determine which connections survive into adulthood. Meanwhile, in Boston, researchers in the laboratories at McLean Hospital are carrying out exploratory research on how the teen brain processes facial expressions. Teens and adults were asked to view a series of pictures showing a variety of facial expressions. The researchers found that the teens used a different part of the brain than the adults when processing the pictures. This resulted in them misreading the emotions being expressed. Teen brains showed more activation in the brain circuits that respond emotionally. In other words, the teens' responses were more like gut reactions. Adults, on the other hand, processed the facial expressions using the prefrontal part of the brain. This area is responsible for the executive functions of the brain including planning, decision making, reasoning, and judgment. The researchers speculate that this area regulates the more emotional part of the brain and helps to control reactions. The fact that the teen brain is not interacting with the emotional region in the same way as the adult brain could provide clues to understanding adolescent behavior. Therefore, rather than expecting teenagers to act like grown-ups, parents and caretakers need to be aware that teenage brains process the world differently than adult brains. While brain researchers are full of enthusiasm regarding these new findings, they are also quick to caution against translating them into educational policies or new teaching fads without first considering whether this is truly justified. One point that all researchers agree on is that the most constructive thing adults can do to ensure healthy brain development in their children is to spend loving, quality time with them.
From Focus on Vocabulary book
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