2022-09-16 19:23:40
روز بیست و پنجم از ۳۰ روز تمرین reading
متن زیر را بخوانید و به سوالاتی که در ادامه میذاریم پاسخ بدید.
سطح متن: آپراینترمیدیت، پیشرفته
Throughout history, competitive sports have been a source of glory for both athletes and fans. But the sports world is not without controversy, with gambling, drug use (also known as doping), and scandals now almost commonplace. However, some believe another threat to sports requires equal attention: techno doping. This is the use of technology to obtain an unfair advantage, to unfairly lessen the challenges faced by modern-day athletes, and to limit the field of competitors. Some claim that the design of sports equipment damages sports because it noticeably improves athletic performance above natural athletic development. For example, in 1928 a well-known swimsuit manufacturer introduced a controversial swimsuit made of silk instead of the usual wool, which many believe led to the world freestyle record being broken. Eighty years later that same manufacturer created another controversial swimsuit, and an unprecedented 108 swimming world records were broken in the same year. Sports writers and researchers alike argue that the occurrence of the performance improvement at the same time as the launch of the swimsuit could not be just chance. The swimsuit has since been banned. In addition to over enhancing performance, sports equipment technology may even make sports more dangerous, some experts claim. For example, boxing gloves and head guards have resulted in more brain injuries. Boxers are more willing to hit and to take a hit to the head because of the new equipment. Such improvements in equipment design and performance in sports also have had an effect on participation. Competitive sports in the twenty-first century require vast amounts of money. Athletes without enough money are unable to compete at the highest levels because they lack access to the technology that would make them competitive. A sportsperson starting out who has limited commercial support cannot compete against a champion supported by giant sponsorship deals worth millions of dollars. Money influences participation at all levels of all sports. Research carried out in 2001 found that in U.S. households with a yearly income of less than $40,000, only 49 percent of the children played sports, whereas if a family earned more than $80,000, participation in sports rose to 7 3 percent. A key reason is the high cost of technology in modern sports.
این متن ادامه دارد. سوالهای این بخش از متن فردا در کانال قرار داده میشه.
From Focus on Vocabulary book
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7.3K viewsParisa, 16:23
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