Biochemistry

2022-02-07 03:39:13 Case study :
A 27 year old female with diabetic ketoacidosis.
Laboratory results :
ƒ PH 7.2
ƒ PCO2 25. (35 ʹ 45 mmHg )
ƒ PO2 98. (70-100 mmHg)
ƒ HCO3- 14 (22 -ʹ 26 mmol/L)
ƒ 1. Describe the acid–base disturbance?

2.What type acid-base disorder present ?

3. Is there any compensation?

4. What the cause of metabolic acidosis ? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:38:04 Case study :
70 year old man, short of breath ( Hypoventilation )

Laboratory results :
ƒ pH 7.25
ƒ PCO2 90 (35 ʹ 45 mmHg )
ƒ PO2 60 ( 70-100 mmHg)
ƒ HCO3 38 (22 -ʹ 26 mmol/L)

1. Describe the acid–base disturbance?

2.What type acid-base disorder present ?

3. Is there any compensation?

4. Why is the PCO2
level high? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:36:39 Case study
:
A 25‐year‐old woman with
chest pain and increased respiratory rate .

Laboratory results :

H+ 30 (37–45 nmol/L)
PCO2 3.6 (4.27–6.0 kPa)
HCO3 26 (21–29 mmol/L

1. Describe the acid–base disturbance?

2.What type acid-base disorder present ?

3. Is there any compensation?

4. Why is the PCO2
level low? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:16:46 Case study :
A 30-year-old woman went to her GP with concerns
about her fertility. She and her partner had been trying
to have a baby for the past 7 months without success.
She said she was having regular periods every 28 days. The GP asked her to come back when she was at
around day 21 of her cycle for a blood test and also to
have a further blood sample taken during day 1-5 of
her period.

Laboratory results :
●Progesterone 43 nmol/L
●FSH 3. (2–9 mU/L )
●LH. ( 3. 2–9 mU/L )
●Prolactin. 250 (<500 mU/L)
●estradiol. 120. (75–140 pmol/L)
●TSH 2.1 (0.2–4.5 mU/L )
●Free T4 15 (9–21 pmol/L )

How would you interpret these results in light of the
patient’s history and clinical findings? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:15:08 Case study :
A 17‐year‐old boy was investigated for delayed onset of puberty.
Laboratory results :
●LH 0.8 (1.0–9.0U/L )
●FSH <0.5 ( 1.0–10.0U/L )
●Prolactin 200 <500mU/L
●Testosterone 2 (10–30nmol/L ).


How would you interpret these results in light of the
patient’s history and clinical findings? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:14:00 Case study :
A 27‐year‐old man
was found to have azoospermia. He gynaecomastia and small testes. He also complained of fatigue and low libido.

Laboratory results :
●Prolactin 300 <500mU/L
●LH 36. (1.0–9.0U/L)
●FSH 21. (1.0–10.0U/L )
●Testosterone 5 (10–30nmol/L )


What do these results suggest as regards the cause of the patient’s infertility? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:12:10 Case study :
A 45‐year‐old shop assistant presented to her GP
complaining of fatigue, weight gain, trouble sleeping, anxiety and hot flushes. Her periods were regular.
Her hormone profile was as follows, with the sample taken at day 3 of her menstrual cycle.

Laboratory results :
●Prolactin 500 (<500mU/L )
●LH 9.0 (2.0–9.0U/L )
●FSH 25 (2.0–10.0U/L )
●estradiol 120 75-140 pmol/L
●TSH 3.5 ( 0.2–4.5mU/L )
●FT4 12 ( 9–21pmol/L.)

How would you interpret these results in light of the
history and clinical findings? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:09:54 Case study :
A 34-year-old woman. She has galactorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea. She
was not taking any medication, and her renal function, liver function, thyroid function and blood glucose were normal.
Laboratory results :
●Prolactin 2264 mU/L (<470)
●LH: 7.2 U/L (1–25)
●FSH: 4.4 U/L (1–15)
●Testosterone 2.2 nmol/L (1–3)
●SHBG: 58 nmol/L (20–90)
●Estradiol 544 pmol/L (70–880) .

How would you interpret these results in light of the
patient’s history and clinical findings? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:07:17 Case study :
A 28-year-old woman. She had infertility. Her periods were noted to be irregular. She was on no medication, and her renal function, liver function and blood glucose
concentration were normal.

Laboratory results :

●TSH: 2.1 mU/L (0.20–5.0)
●F-T4 : 14.3 pmol/L (12–25)
●Prolactin 414 mU/L (< 470)
●LH: 7.2 U/L (1–25)
●FSH: 5.4 U/L (1–15)
●Testosterone 1.7 nmol/L (1–3)
●SHBG 33 nmol/L (20–90)
●Estradiol 564 pmol/L (70–880)
21-day progesterone 6.6 nmol/L (> 30 )
suggests ovulation) .

How would you interpret these results in light of the
patient’s history and clinical findings? باز کردن / نظر دهید

2022-02-07 03:03:10 Case study :

A 23-year-old man with erectile dysfunction. He was not taking any medications, and his renal function, liver
function and blood glucose were normal.

Laboratory results :

●TSH: 1.0 mU/L (0.20–5.0)
●F-T4: 14.1 pmol/L (12–25)
●Prolactin 264 mU/L (<470)
● LH : 27.2 U/L (1–7)
● FSH: 41.4 U/L (1–8)
●Testosterone 2.7 nmol/L (10–30) .

How would you interpret these results in light of the
patient’s history and clinical findings? باز کردن / نظر دهید